What is rabies and what causes it?
Rabies is a viral disease transmitted to humans usually by a bite or scratch from an infected animal, or through bodily fluids such as saliva coming into contact with the eyes, nose, mouth or broken skin. It’s most often associated with dogs, but is also common in cats, cattle, monkeys, foxes and bats. While it can occur on all continents (apart from Antarctica), it is most commonly found in Africa, Asia, Central America and South America.
The virus attacks the central nervous system causing, progressive damage to the brain and spinal cord. Once symptoms are present, rabies is almost always fatal. Although rabies cases are rare in travellers, animal bites and scratches are common. It is important that travellers visiting areas where rabies occurs are aware of the risk and know what to do if they are bitten or scratched. The disease is preventable if the correct post exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is provided quickly. PEP can be expensive and difficult to obtain in some areas.
Rabies signs and symptoms:
The virus attacks the nervous system, causing inflammation on the brain and spinal cord.
Symptoms usually appear after three to 12 weeks. They include:
- High temperature of 38°C or more
- Headache
- Feeling anxious or unwell
- Confusion
- Difficulty swallowing or breathing
- Hallucinations
- Muscle spasms
- Frothing at the mouth
Once symptoms appear the disease is almost always fatal, but treatment before this happens is very effective.
How to minimise risk of Rabies?
It’s important you’re aware of the risk and consider the following preventative tips:
- Don’t go near animals
- Don’t pick up animals, even if they appear to be tame or unwell
- Don’t attract strays with food or by being careless with litter
- Be aware of activities that may attract dogs, such as running and cycling
Vaccination Information:
The course consists of three vaccines. The second dose is given seven days after the first dose. The third dose should be given three weeks after the second dose and this protects you for 10 year. If you are working with animals or at higher risk then a further booster maybe required after 1 year.
